Tetanus

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Clinical signs

Host species

Bacterial disease Zoonotic

Clinical Signs

Digestive

Hypersalivation Constipation Ruminal tympany

Systemic

Recumbency

Neurologic

Convulsion Pathognomonic Hyperesthesia Pathognomonic

Musculoskeletal

Muscle tremor Muscular stiffness Pathognomonic Trismus Pathognomonic Tail elevation

Ophthalmic

Third eyelid prolapse Pathognomonic

Otic

Ear erection

Urinary

Urine retention

General Systemic Signs

Sawhorse posture Pathognomonic

Diagnosis

Clinical diagnosis based on signs

Mouse inoculation test

Gram stain showing drumstick spores

Treatment

Sodium benzylpenicillin IV followed by procaine penicillin IM

Tetanus antitoxin up to 100000 IU

Chlorpromazine or acepromazine

Hydrogen peroxide irrigation and topical penicillin

Prevention & Control

Proper wound and instrument disinfection

Vaccination with tetanus toxoid

Booster one month before parturition

Neonatal antitoxin administration

Passive antitoxin after injury

Related Products

No related products.

Classification

Etiology Bacterial disease

Zoonotic Yes

Transmissibility Moderate

Infectiousness Moderately infectious

Occurrence Patterns

Endemic

Host Species

Cattle Susceptibility: Moderate

Pig Susceptibility: High

Sheep Susceptibility: Moderate

Goat Susceptibility: Moderate

Human Susceptibility: High

Dogs Susceptibility: Low

Cats Susceptibility: Low

Mule Primary host Susceptibility: Very high

Horse Primary host Susceptibility: Very high

Donkey Primary host Susceptibility: Very high

Associated Microorganisms

No information available.